Notes on the Transcription on this site

Notes on this site
Last Updated 18 SEP. 2013

| Japanese names | Arabic names | Abbreviated References | About Copyright | BOTTOM |

Japanese names Transcribing Japanese words correctly in the English alphabet (26 letters) is very difficult. For instance, a place named "Tokyo" can also be described as follows.

Toukyou or Tōkyō

Usually "Tokyo" is used, however, we do it as "Tōkyō" to express a diphthong (i.e. "ou" sound) clearly. We also use ū for "you" sound, and ^ for prolong sound.
We put Japanese surnames BEFORE their given names, because that IS the Japanese way, as in Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese. Most Japanese people put their given names FIRST when they use English, because they believe that is the proper manner. However, we think that is NOT proper, and write Japanese surnames in capital letters to distinguish from given names.
i.e. YAGITANI Ryōko (surname: YAGITANI /given name: Ryōko)
Incidentally, the Japanese use foreign names as the foreigners do: Winston Churchill is NOT Churchill Winston.
Anyway, we are always ready to answer any question from non-Japanese speakers about Japanese transcriptions on this site.

Arabic names We follow the Authorised biography by Jeremy Wilson.

Abbreviated References We follow Abbreviated References used on T.E. Lawrence Studies by Jeremy Wilson.

About Copyright We intend to infringe nobody's copyright intentionally.
However, this site is controlled under the Japanese law of literary copyright, which states that the copyright on the works of British citizens who died in 1935, including T. E. Lawrence, expired on 1996.
The same law also allows quotations from any works without permission, if they are of limited quantity for a study, not commercial use.
For further details, see Copyright Act [in Japanese and English]. You may find an article 'Copyright law of Japan' in Wikipedia in English.

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Japanese names	Transcribing Japanese words correctly in the English alphabet (26 letters) is very difficult. For instance, a place named "Tokyo" can also be described as follows. Toukyou or Tōkyō Usually "Tokyo" is used, however, we do it as "Tōkyō" to express a diphthong (i.e. "ou" sound) clearly. We also use ū for "you" sound, and ^ for prolong sound. We put Japanese surnames BEFORE their given names, because that IS the Japanese way, as in Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese. Most Japanese people put their given names FIRST when they use English, because they believe that is the proper manner. However, we think that is NOT proper, and write Japanese surnames in capital letters to distinguish from given names. i.e. YAGITANI Ryōko (surname: YAGITANI /given name: Ryōko) Incidentally, the Japanese use foreign names as the foreigners do: Winston Churchill is NOT Churchill Winston. Anyway, we are always ready to answer any question from non-Japanese speakers about Japanese transcriptions on this site.
Arabic names	We follow the Authorised biography by Jeremy Wilson.
Abbreviated References	We follow Abbreviated References used on T.E. Lawrence Studies by Jeremy Wilson.
About Copyright	We intend to infringe nobody's copyright intentionally. However, this site is controlled under the Japanese law of literary copyright, which states that the copyright on the works of British citizens who died in 1935, including T. E. Lawrence, expired on 1996. The same law also allows quotations from any works without permission, if they are of limited quantity for a study, not commercial use. For further details, see Copyright Act [in Japanese and English]. You may find an article 'Copyright law of Japan' in Wikipedia in English.